THE MUSCLES OF THE BACK BY THEIR LAYER OR LEVEL OF DEPTH
ORIGIN INSERTION
INNERVATION ARTERY ACTION
First
Layer of Back Muscles
(Superficial Level)
Trapezius
Ext. Occ. Protuberance Spine of Scapula 11th
Cranial Nerve Transverse Retracts
Lig: Nuchae, C7-T12 Sp’s
Acromion, Distal
Accessory
Nerve Cervical Scapula
1/3
clavicle
C3-C4
Latissimus
Sp T7-L5,
upper sacral Floor of intertubercle Thoracodorsal N.
Thoracodorsal A. Add. & Ezt
 Dorsal
Post. Iliacrest, Lower 3-4 Ribs
groove of Humerus N. C6-C7-
Med. Rot. Arm
Second Layer of Back
Muscles
Levator
Tp C1-C4
(Post. Tubercle)
Med. Border from the
Deep Br. Cervical
Descending Elevate Medial
Scapula
Spine-superior
Plexus,
C3-C4
ScapulaA. Angle Scapula
Rhomboid
Lower, Lig.
Nuchae Sp C7
Median border at Base Dorsal Scapular
Descend. Fix,Retract
Minor Ti,
(SS1 b/w C7, T1) of
Spine
(C4-C5) Scap A.
Scapula, Inf.
Rotation
of
Inferior Angle
Rhomboid Sp T2-5 &
Intervening SSL Med. Border
Base Dorsal Scapular
Descending “ “
Major
or spine-infer. Angle
Scap A.
“ “
Third Layer of Back Muscles
Splenius Lower Lig
Nuchae Sp C7-T3 Mastoid Proc. Of Occipital Dor,
Primary Rami Descending
Extend the Head
Capitus
Bone Scap A.
 Splenius
Sp T3-T6
Tp C2-C4
(Post Tub)
Dorsal Primary
Rami Descending Rotation
Cervicis
Fourth Layer of Back Muscles (Deep Level)
Iliocostalis Lateral
common tendon mass 6-7 Lower Ribs Dorsal Primary
Rami Post.Dorsal
Ext
(1.)
Lumborum
(Inferior)
Intercostal A Erection
(2.)
Thoracic Lower
6 Ribs
Upper 6
Ribs Dorsal Primary
Rami Post Dorsal
Erection
(3.) Cervicis
Tp
C4-C6 Dorsal Primary
Rami Post Dorsal
Erection
Longissimus
(1.)
Thoracis
Int.
common tendon Lower 9-10 Ribs
Dorsal Primary R. P. Dorsal I.A.
Ext.
(2.)
Cervicis Tp Tip T4-T6 Tp
C2-C6 Dorsal Primary Rami
DIA
Ext
(3.)
Capitus Ap C4-C7
Mastoid Process Dorsal Primary
Rami Occipital A
Ext.
Head
and
Neck
Spinalis
(1.) Thoracis
sp T10-T12, T11-L2 Sp upper 4-8 vertebrae DPRami Occipital A.
(2.) Cervicis Lower Lig
Nuchae & Sp C7 Sp
C2-C4
Extend Neck
(3.)
Capitus Fused with semispinalis Semispinalis Capitis
Extend Neck
Capitis
T7-C7 into the skull nuchal
Semispinalis
(1.) Thoracic Tp
T7-T12 Sp
C6-T4
Ext. Erection
(2.) Cervicis T1-T6 Sp C2-C5
(3.) Capitis Tp T1-T6, Ap
C4-C7 b/w Sup. Inf. Nuchae line of the
occipital bone.
by Dr. Scott D. Neff, DC DABCO CFE DABFE FFABS FFAAJTS 09-30-2004
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