UNITED STATES
FEDERAL ICONS, LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES,
BUREAUS, ADMINISTRATIONS, OPERATION UNITS, SERVICES, AND SAFETY
The War of 1812
demonstrated the man, the nation, our affirmation, mentor and tradition
of the all American male icon that is representative of my book, Uncle
Sam, came onto the scene. By this “War of 1812” our young nation needed
a national identity which had faded since our revolutionary war. Uncle
Sam was in fact born in Massachusetts, Samuel Wilson who later settled
in the city of Troy, New York. He was extremely well known locally as
“Uncle Sam” and later became first the regions Uncle and eventually our
nations Uncle. Uncle Sam Wilson a natural US home born icon moved to
Troy with Ebenezer Wilson his brother to found E & S Wilson and Co.
Being a natural born patriot he immediately sought out war contracts and
acquired them in 1812. Through his shipments solders around the nation
and abroad developed the love of and appreciation for Uncle Sam’s
notoriety. For example during the war, the enemy often could literally
ask their superiors “where’s the beef?” while American troops knew Uncle
Sam’s beef came through. He was the first great organizer of shipping.
Indeed the US army even today can be seen with small vehicles (jeeps)
running the deliveries. With Sam’s contract to supply beef to the Army,
soldiers and residents alike associated the “US” on the sides of the
barrels of rations for our troops with “Uncle Sam” who the nation knew
was the supplier of meats and feed to the armed forces.
By 1813 the world-renowned legend of Uncle Sam was a common term in
every household. Soon the poplar figure of Samuel Wilson of Troy, New
York appeared in the New York Gazette on May 12, 1830. During the Civil
War Uncle Sam’s cartoon became symbols of Abraham Lincoln with some
similarity to Brother Jonathan. However it was Abraham Lincoln’s beard
which when added to Uncle Sam, brought many of the images used today
finalizing in 1917 with the famous “I Want You” recruiting poster by
James Montgomery Flagg. Flagg made sure patriots had the conscious
image of Uncle Sam in their hearts and minds. This image remains in the
minds of Americans even today.
Although this examiner has touched on most Federal
Law Enforcement entities in Chapter One the History of Law Enforcement,
you will now go in depth to understand each entity individually.
The
next step in our national evolution is a somber historical note. In
fact many believe there was a conspiracy to stop the formation of the
Secret Service. An entity able to not only protect the Presidency, but
bring security and investigations under the direct control of a
President.
You now are aware of the fact that the morning of
Honest Abe Lincoln's assignation, he signed into Law the Secret
Services. After the horrific assassination of the President, Congress
within only a few months later in July 5, 1865 passed the Secret Service
Act. The motivation for the establishment of the Secret Service however
was due to many factors. Primarily it would become the protection of
the President. Never again, would a President go unguarded (Look what
happened to poor President Kennedy-his choice however to ride in a
convertible; i.e. Jimmy Carter walked to work!). It must be understood
that the heroism, courage, quality of work, loyalty of the Secret
Service ranks with the FBI save the fact that the Secret Services
Laboratories rank has the top forensic lab in the World. Even today's
FBI laboratories are not accredited although they initiated the
accreditation policy.
The Secret Service was headquarted
in Washington DC with initially eleven cities with field-operations
sites. The initial credentialing procedure was so secretive it
eventually was replaced. The only proof of Agents credentials was
handwritten letters of appointment (much like the types of letter this
examiner maintains today; do not believe in advertising). They had no
badges, no guns, no Billie clubs, but simply handcuffs, and training for
stealth work. The Treasury Department would simply send out a formal
letter to United States Marshals and to all other Policing Entities the
formation of the Secret Service, its functions and that the Agents were
Protecting the President and investigating Counterfeiting. Congress
passed the Counterfeiting law of 1842. Because of the Superlative Job
the Agents were accomplishing and the very fact that stealth Agents
were finding the counterfeit dollars in banks and other places were
honest person worked it scarred these folks and a tremendous amount of
anxiety developed in the civilian population. Further the anxiety
eventually caused roadblocks to cooperation with grass roots support in
which no agency or bureau can function effectively. Only through
cooperation with the heroic men and women of America could success
become a guarantee relative to National Security measures. Picture how
you would feel discovering clues of investigations and shadowy
individuals. Would you feel the handwritten credentials were someone
impersonating an Agent or would cooperation come easily? Thus, in 1873
the Secret Service distributed a distinctive five-pointed Silver Star
with a lacework design similar to that, which would be found on our
currency. This was the beginning of a new Badge (unlike the
3,000-year-old Star of David design-Six sides) that clearly identified
the Secret Service Agent.
In
1871, an impersonator by the name of I.W. Raymond appeared at the San
Francisco office and stated that he was a Secret Service agent. The
Agent in charge was able to ascertain that Raymond was appointed to
handle the affairs in the California Area. Raymond presented documents
appearing to be from the State and Treasury Departments. Raymond then
asked for the keys to the office vault with all properties including any
contraband evidence and any repots. The Supervising Agent immediately
telegraphed Washington with the immediate reply that Raymond was an
impostor. Raymond pleaded guilty and was sentenced to the state
prison. The distinctive New Design of the 5 star badge and printed
credentials were subsequently issued to Agents of the Secret Service in
1873. Today's agent carries a replica of the original badge with a
commission card that bears their photograph and signature. The Secret
Service also must protect high-ranking foreign visitors (Prime ministers
and heads of state). The Secret Service has the jurisdiction to also
extend protection to include our government officials on presidential
mission to foreign countries because of unpredictable worldwide
violence.
US
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE AGENTS
On
June 22, 1870 because of allegations relative to European women being
transported to the United States, the United States Attorney General
hired some of the finest investigators this nation had. Because of the
facts found Representative Mann by virtue of his authority and with full
force of the Congress worked on the "Mann Act" and established the
"White Slave Traffic Act".
However it was not until 1908 that then President Theodore ("Teddy the
Rough Rider"-Hero of American History) Roosevelt recognized the success
and further need by the Department of Justice to have in-house
investigators. He thus asked his Attorney General Charles J. Bonaparte
to organize the July 26, 1908 Bureau of Investigation. Today this arm
of the Department of Justice is now the largest and most widely known
successful and distinguished law enforcement agencies in mankind's
experiential existence.
In
1924 (as recorded in Chapter one) John Edgar Hoover was appointed
Director of the Bureau (our first G-man) at the tender age of 29. This
was due to the fact that United States Attorney General Harlan Fiske
Stone, was fed up with organized crime, and realizing the need for stealth. A very
special type of innovator extraordinaire. J.E. Hoover made an immediate
impact on American life. Please realize that these were to be tough
years, with the eminent depression and the importation of a Gangland
from other countries, only truth much like oil in water would rise to
the top. So was named JE Hoover to be that protector of truth, justice
and the ideals of the American Heritage. After immediate success, with
Hoover's G-men,
it became apparent that a formal name for this great Law
Enforcement institution be forthcoming. On July 1, 1935, the
name was
created as the Federal Bureau of Investigation respected uniformly today
as the FBI. The honorable Director J.E. Hoover has set a legacy of
unparraled ethics, and propriety, which lasts even through to our 21st
century.
EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF THE INVESTIGATIVE
AGENCIES.
The
following is a hierarchy of Protocol for the United States Federal
Investigative Agencies. This begins with the chief legal officer of the
United States Government the Attorney General of the Department of
Justice. The DOJ is the Legal "Eagle" (one of our symbols of Americana)
portion that is charged with the oversight of all rules and regulations
as they are applied through the federal system. The Federal Bureau of
Investigation is the DOJ's long arm of the law charged with the
government’s primary investigations, both criminal and security relative
to any allegations of violations and/or violations under its
jurisdiction of over 200 areas of law and American life. Espionage,
counterespionage, sabotage, subversive activities, forensic science or
the recreation of a crime scene with whatever scientific method can
bring such as DNA evidence, Tooth prints or teeth matching, (see the
later chapter on Forensic Laboratory) and any violation of federal
rules, regulations and laws which are not directly supervised by other
federal Administrations or Agencies.
One of the oldest and largest administrative bodies
is the United States Department of the Treasury. DOT has huge
responsibilities. As previously noted, the Secret Service agents have
the unenviable task to protect the President of the United States, the
Vice President, their families, the President-elect, the Vice
President-elect, and declared presidential and vice-presidential
candidates during campaigns. Violation of counterfeiting and other laws
are under the direct control of the Secret Service in the Treasury
Department. More commonly known is the Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF)
Bureau special investigations units and agents who's jurisdiction is
over federal alcohol and tobacco tax laws as well as federal firearms
laws and gun control laws, especially those which are imported. These
agents have special Intelligence to cover matters pertaining to federal
income tax and gambling laws and to matters involving Internal Revenue
laws and taxes. They even have Custom patrol officers and inspectors
who's jurisdiction is over smuggling, navigation laws and of course our
U.S. Customs (this examiner has worked on several Billion Dollar Customs
Cases where I brought in fraudulent products and services which affected
the pacific and Atlantic rim). We invariably were dependant on holding
the contraband in customs as well as cooperation with Canada which was
always forthcoming in this examiner’s experience; the stopped the frauds
and won the cases.
The
office that has the investigative responsibility regarding passport and
visa frauds as well as violations involved in exporting personnel
problems and munitions is the Department of State Office of Security.
The
organization, which has the authority to patrol US, borders to prevent
illegal entrance of aliens and enforce the immigration and
naturalization law of the United States is the Immigration and
Naturalization Service.
The
United States Postal Inspectors have jurisdiction over a wide venue of
laws and regulations. Many people are shocked to find that the US
Postal Inspectors were the first Law Enforcement Agencies to investigate
Quackery. Congress passed the Postal Act in 1829. The Postal Act then
enabled the Service to police with authority. These inspectors had the
ability to enforce Postal Laws, and eliminate Postal Fraud as well as
the early snake oil salesmen. Early snake oil salesman were very
shocked to find that they were arrested outside the elderly widows home
by the Postman after inciting her home address. Even as late as 1982
one famous case was the breast enlargement device, which worked by the
Venturi effect. This device was attached to the sink and then placed
over the female bosom. As the water ran through the device suction was
created and the allegation was that it would build a larger bosom.
Because this quack device was marketed through the mail, the Postal
Authorities seized it and the culprits arrested. Thus the Postal
Inspectors investigate schemes to defraud, embezzlement of federal
funds, the flow of mail, burglary and crime sin postal facilities,
lotteries, obscene matter, and certain extortions such as threats
against character and reputation.
FOOD AND DRUG POLICE
The first national Food and Drug
like-law came about in 1848 during the Mexican War. It banned the
importation of adulterated drugs, a chronic public health problem that
finally got Congressional attention.
The first broad bill had been
introduced in 1879, although a decade passed before Congress displayed
serious interest. The first famous battle over foods and consumer
safety in the Congress involving a pure food issue took place in 1886,
pitting the reigning champion, butter, against a challenger,
oleomargarine. This debate between the defenders of a natural food and
those of its alleged artificial substitute centered not only on matters
of vested interest, but also pondered concerns about the public health,
issues of governmental authority, and the myths in which were enshrined
the meaning of the American experience. In this particular case,
Butter won, and oleomargarine was taxed and placed under other
restraints that persisted on the Federal level until 1950.
These types of themes re-echoed in Congressional chambers as Senate and
House later debated broader bills to control food and drugs in
interstate commerce. In fact the Anti-Fraud in health issues was
worded in a Senate report in 1890, "it has only been since the great
opportunity for fraud provided by modern science ... that the
sophistication of articles of commerce has reached its present height."
One
June 30, 1906, a broiling day in Washington, President Theodore
Roosevelt went to the Capitol to sign into law nearly a hundred bills
hurried through the Congress as its session came to an end. Among them
was one passed the day before by both Senate and House in a form agreed
to in conference committee, the Food and Drugs Act.
Once
again public opinion was aroused by a shocking disclosure -- the deaths
of more than 100 people from a poisonous "elixir of sulfanilamide." On
June 25, 1938, President Roosevelt signed the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act.
Many
compromises had to be made to secure passage, but still the new law was
a major improvement. The following is a list of a few of some 40
substantive changes, which altered the law to fit the new conditions.
·
Drug
manufacturers were required to provide scientific proof that new
products could be safely used before putting them on the market.
·
Cosmetics
and therapeutic devices were regulated, for the first time.
·
Proof of
fraud was no longer required to stop false claims for drugs.
· Addition
of poisonous substances to foods was prohibited except where unavoidable
or required in production. Safe tolerances were authorized for residues
of such substances, for example pesticides.
· Specific
authority was provided for factory inspections.
· Food
standards were required to be set up when needed "to promote honesty and
fair dealing in the interest of consumers."
· Federal
court injunctions against violations were added to the previous legal
remedies of product seizures and criminal prosecutions.
The new law, and World War II,
greatly expanded FDA's workload. Wartime demands had stimulated the
development of new "wonder drugs," especially the antibiotics, which
were made subject to FDA testing beginning with penicillin in 1945 three
amendments that fundamentally changed the character of the U.S. food and
drug law: the Pesticide Amendment (1954), the Food Additives Amendment
(1958), and the Color Additive Amendments (1960).
With
these laws on the books, it could be said for the first time that no
substance can legally be introduced into the U.S. food supply unless
there has been a prior determination that it is safe. By requiring the
manufacturers to do the research, a problem of unmanageable size was
made manageable. Preventing violations through premarket clearance gave
consumers immeasurably better protection than merely prosecuting the few
violations, which could be proved by investigating after injuries were
reported.
Very
significant was a proviso in the food and color additive laws that no
additive could be deemed safe (or given FDA approval) if found to cause
cancer in man or experimental animals. Known as the "Delaney Clause,"
the section was initially opposed by FDA and scientists who agreed need
not necessarily ban that an additive used at very low levels because it
may cause cancer at high levels. Proponents justified the clause on the
basis that cancer experts have not been able to determine a safe level
for any carcinogen.
Then
in 1959 a FDA recall of cranberries
contaminated by the weed killer aminotriazole
proved this point. Notwithstanding publicity critical of
FDA, this action has beneficial results, particularly in convincing
farmers that pesticides must be used with care.
There were many revisions to the laws over the years. However from
1982-1993 your author, Ghost wrote many Food Labeling Consumer
Protection issues which were incorporated as law by USFDA. Not
withstanding USFDA needs our support. Trillions of dollars can be made
on Food fraud as it is so subtle. FDA needs increased funding for
policing and policymaking.
THE OSS AND CIA
The
Central Intelligence Agency was established in 1947 under the
jurisdiction of the National Security Council to meet the need for a
peacetime centralized intelligence organization. The original intent of
the Agency however was under the Name of the OSS for the sole purpose of
obtaining information, decoding World War II messages, infiltrating Axis
nations, aiding the underground and to help American Prisoners of War
Escape. The old OSS had several divisions. These were the Support
Division, Research Division, Planning as well as Intelligence.
The
Support section included responsibility for equipment, logistics,
security therein, and communications. Secret codes were the development
of this division.
The
Research Division provides technical intelligence such as expert
assessments made of foreign progress in science, technology, and new war
weapons.
The
Planning Division was responsible for all foreign special operations
such as the collection of counterintelligence data and information from
informants as well as from other sources developed in foreign lands.
However, after 1947 it was no longer connected with the Military and as
a non-military agency has been the most misunderstood, over-dramatized,
with fictional fantasies written about it from fiction writers, to
anyone who could pick up a pen and write a conspiracy theory based on
half-truths, concocted hogwash and plain old malarkey. The CIA simply
met the need for a peacetime agency to coordinate the intelligence
activities of various government departments and to evaluate and
distribute intelligence relating to national security. In fact, by 1998
the FBI had taken over as the official Law Enforcement Agencies relative
to actives outside of the United States. Subsequent to 911, CIA has become the scapegoat for and will continue to serve the will and needs of the politicians who have shaped the outcomes which we receive. Why? Absent understanding its true status at 911, subsequent CIA was held up to the world as the old pre 1998 Agency which it was not. Thus, it was also inappropriate for anyone to make claims of intelligence until the time the Agency had been made whole again. Which it has not, and it's balanced presentation of information was never revealed to the American people. It has become the field for handpicked data rather than the American people seeing all the presenting data. And in lieu of simply rebuilding a great structure fully equipped for human Intel visa vie its vast library within CIA, a continual merry-go round of who should be honored next to lead CIA rather than someone who most humbly receives the honor and privilege to serve CIA, and the American people, has been doctrine. The American
people again need CIA to become that which it was during WWII yet
even better, now working with NSA, FBI, and so forth,
as only congressional mandates, funding authorizations, and further rule making can
achieve. Rather than believe that a who's who of folks who have warn CIA as an award rather than a duty can make "it" all
that it can be, it is through legislative rule making and
congressional order which CIA can become the "SPY-Agency" we need.
It is up to our elected officials to create the mechanisms for the
results we receive and will receive. Let the focus create the
detail for easy identification and make all of CIA, not just the
director, empowered congressionally to do that which needs be
done. ©
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
The Legislative branch of the House and Senate have the power to develop
investigative committees on national problems relative to crime,
juvenile delinquency, internal security, and other matters of national
security. The General Accounting Office investigates matters relating
to receipt, disbursement, and application of public funds.
The
following agencies also have law enforcement jobs and investigators.
The Atomic Energy Commission, Defense Intelligence Agency, Naval
Intelligence Command, National Security Agency, U.S. Air Force Security
Service and the 1127th U.S.A.F. Field Actives Group. For
employment contact these Offices directly.
"The most acceptable
service to God is doing good to man" Ben Franklin
By Scott Neff DC DABCO
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